I can answer most of these:
1) Blowing in a dog's face involves standover behaviors that threaten the dog. The dog sticking its head out the window prevents him/her from getting motion sickness.
2) Taxonomically speaking, man is merely one species from the genus, that genus being one of many in the family of apes. In short there are many different species of monkeys and apes whose evolutionary paths diverged from man earlier in history. However, it's true to say that homo sapiens evolved directly from homo erectus.
3) Mr O'Neill (watch Daria if you don't know who that is) tried to answer that in a class assignment he set. He failed.
4) "Heads up" means "look out!" But most of the time it's simply safer to assume that one ought to duck.
5) A matter of tradition and taste. I think it's actually healthier to eat the bread untoasted, unless the bread is old and dry- in which case it's just easier to eat toasted. I have no idea how much energy is used every day toasting bread.
6) It's not 'short for', but it is a casual derivative of. Like Charlie, common derivatives end in -ie or -y, but most are in fact shorter than their original. Such as Ricky instead of Richard.
Speaking of which. Why is the contraction of William, Bill, and why is the contraction of Richard, ****?