If you don't want to read it all, skip to the bottom where it says TL;DR.
Sorry for the lengthy quote, but while I agree with all these points they're not really equitable to the size of their former empires.
I haven't been really clear, sorry. I wasn't really saying size equals greatness, showing the empires size was intended to visual the spread of their influence, and how that influence is still seen in today's world (example, most commonly spoken languages) in those countries (in at least some part). I also don't disagree with what you're saying either.
I'm guessing your view is aligning more with Salvidian's that prominence can be obtained without conquering other lands or having a great land mass under your Empire. You can spread influence in many ways that will not only spread to other nations, but also be influence through out time. I have to agree with this as well. (If I got that wrong my apologies).
So I suppose it comes down to how to define greatness in terms of a nation.
Is it military conquest and the size of a nation?
The happiness of a nation's people?
The wealth of a nation?
The technological advancements a nation has contributed?
The influence a nation has had on other nations?
How long lasting the influence one nation has had on others? (Did the influence stand the test of time?)
This reminds of the victory conditions in the game series Civilizations.
Time Victory = Greatness by a nation standing the test of time.
Science Victory = Greatness by technological advancement
Domination Victory = Greatness by military conquest, part of what I going with.
Cultural Victory = Greatness through contribution to the arts and somewhat related, the happiness.of the people (because of the greatness of the culture).
Diplomatic Victory = Greatness by either conquest by diplomacy (able to peacefully acquire new lands) or greatness by ability to defend nation without use of military or greatness of ability to befriend other nations that will help you in building your own nation.
[Note: These are not the right side of the equals sign is not the actual criteria for victory in Civilizations, but how I see these Civilization's criteria as they fit into this topic.]
Sorry for being long, but I guess I'm going to make this longer lol.
You argue that countries that are still standing today after a long time are great (or prominent), yet you say that greatness (prominence) requires money, power, a strong military, and lots of knowledge. And Germany lacked all of those and is still standing. Not to mention that it isn't going anywhere, either.
I would say whole post was well said :] I definitely have to agree.
I'm not saying that what I previously posted is the only way to be great as a nation, but just don't discount the nations I listed. Also, consider how difficult it is to conquest and keep multiple lands under control. It takes military tactics knowledge, weapons technology, a willing people to fight, the technology to travel to the distant lands to conquest them, and often wealth to make the vehicles for travel and weapons.
TL;DR and Conclusion
I was just saying consider the four empires I listed for the greatness in what they achieved and their influence. Also, I agree, their are plenty of other ways to be a great (prominent) nation.
But I should say remove points for greatness due to the cruelty and peaceful way of conquest. That's not a nice thing and I consider that not great.