Not sure which is the best weapon, but I actually take a liking to the "Classic" weapon, the one iwth simply a bunch of bullets. The shuriken one only hits one enemy till it's highly upgraded (at which point it starts going through weaker enemies), so I don't like it. The wave seemed stupid to me, it's just like rearranging bullets so they always go in a certain pattern in front of you. Curving was probably my least favorite of them all, it was just normal bullets again, but if you moved left, the bullets curved left, etc. Too hard to control, especially with the mouse. Beam does by far the most damage (like on a boss and what not) but has very pinpoint aim, so don't expect to be taking out hordes of enemies (unless they're right behind another). So I still like the classic, it has good spread, a nd a lotta bullets, so it hits a lotta enemies.
As for wingmen. lasers seemed insignificant (their damage was terrible. Lightning was similar to lasers, and Lightning wasn't even goood at dealing damage until it was level 5. Targted wingmen did massive damage, but the enemy has to be a certain distance in front of you, so less useful. Particles was kinda nice, only they aimed to the sides and not up the middle, so it actually missed most the enemies. So of course, teh rockets were my favorite wingman, decent damage and homing as well in the later levels.