[quote]I was escorting Delphine and that old scaredy dude through some mountain pass and I lost them.
And load a past save to find them again.[/quote] Or try to discover The Karthspire on your map (the place where you have to escort them to), travel away, maybe sleep some time, and short-travel there again. Probably they'll just wait for you there.
Loot her for the armor. She has rocking armor.
Steel looks great, but it's only better than iron. She'll find a cooler (and way better) heavy armor set within Sky Haven temple.
I need to buy the spell Fury. Where can I buy spells like these?
Buy spellbooks from court wizards. Try Farengar Secret-Fire in Whiterun for example.
People are trying to kill me in Riverwood. How can I stop this? (I killed a few people and left, now everyone attacks me when I enter)
If guards are attacking you, sheathing your weapon might stop them attacking you, they will however ask you to pay for your crimes anyway (pay, go to prison etc.). Dunno what to do if civilians are attacking, have you tried Calm spells? It's only for a limited time but it might help... (Scroll of Harmony is always useful to calm everybody down)
Whenever I get money, it doesn't show up in my inventory. Is this because of the spells I use?
Huh?
What's the best way to earn money?
Thieves Guild. Or do radiant quests for whichever group you're in and take all possible loot during missions and sell it when you're back (best are light, expensive stuff like enchanted jewelry or certain mage robes, since you can carry a lot more of them than armor for example).