First of all, I ask that people please know what they're talking about before they speak. Both sides of this debate already think the other is moronic; don't perpetuate the stereotypes.....
I am an avid shooter. I grew up shooting guns. I qualified as a Marksman as per the US Armed Forces guidelines regarding JROTCs. I have shot guns of six different action types, 14 different calibers/gauges and three different classifications (possibly four). I have a great deal of experience and knowledge of this subject.
The basis of the Amendment
America in 1787 was the newest country in the world, having staged a bloody rebellion against the most powerful nation in the world just 11 years ago. They had many more enemies than friends, being surrounded on two sides by enemies (Britain owned Canada to the north, to the West were the American Indians); the threat of raid (a common occurrence) or British invasion (which would happen a mere 25 years later) were quite real dangers. It is also true that the military of the time was not nearly strong enough to defend the nation from Britain at this time. The majority of American combatants in the Revolution were militia, not trained military forces. This is why the Amendment specifically points out the need for a militia: they really did need one. Given the fighting style of the British and the Indians, there was absolutely no chance that America could have survived on any weapon other than guns.
Other nations' attempts at heavy gun control
I will not rest heavily on this point because, as was shown with the Switzerland comments, this seems to fall on deaf ears.
Australia had long been known for it's exceptional marksmen. Despite this, they enacted a ban on guns. During this period, reports of violent crime had a marked increase. After a change in government, this was appealed, causing violent crimes to return to their regular rate of incidence. After another change of government, the ban was reenacted, though at a lesser degree, and has since been in place. After this, the rate of violent crimes increased once again. The reason for this: criminals are more likely to commit crimes if they believe they will get away with it. If you believed a house had a gun in it, would you be as willing to burglarize it? Take away the threat of the gun and more criminals will be willing to take the risk. This is also seen when a house is known to have a home security system installed. It is not the use of guns to kill criminals that is most effective, but the mere possibility of there being a gun completely negating the crime in the first place.
Second off, when the Nazi's came to power, one of the first things they did was to take away the citizens' right to own weapons. This was to remove their ability to resist the oppression that would soon come. As stated before, "It is dangerous when the government has guns and the people do not." (I'm sorry, but I do not remember who here said this.)
My stance on modern gun control
I support gun control, but only in moderation and to an extent. I fully support certain bans, such as that on fully automatic weapons, anti-materiel weapons (destructive devices) and a few other particular items. Despite this, I also believe we have taken this control just a bit to far, such as with bans on pump action shotguns in California. Anybody that knows anything about gun action types, has shot several shotguns or has played any war game with a semblance of realism knows that semiautomatic shotguns shoot a hell of a lot quicker than a pump action will. Despite this, law makers deemed pump action shotguns to be much more dangerous than a semiautomatic. If you look at half of the regulations in place, you will see that the people that decide what is and isn't legal to use know absolutely nothing about what they are making laws about.
My proposed solution
I know that any attempt to have a mass repeal of gun control regulation will be met with a media **** storm, so instead I will suggest that our Senators and Representatives be educated on what guns can actually do. I believe a mandatory hunter's/gun owner's safety course followed by an optional set of shooting lessons should more than fix the problem, thus bringing gun control to a balance. All of the truly dangerous guns will be illegal, but the rights of the people and needs of the nation will be upheld.
Thank you for taking the time to read all of this.
My philosophy is simple, anything is okay as long as it's not being abused. If something is being abused, the abuser must be the one to lose his rights, not everyone else. I don't believe in sacrificing rights to protect people as long as other solutions are out there.
No truer words have been said in this thread thus far.